Ce blog s’appuie sur plusieurs discussions sur l’interprétation des premières séries d’ateliers de dessins entre Clément Basabose, Fabrice Djuma, Atrid Jamar, Christelle Balegamire Karuta, et Jean-Paul Nizigiyimana. Vyahinduwe mu Kirundi na Clément BASABOSE.
Auteurs: Astrid Jamar, Christelle Balegamire Karuta, Jean-Paul Nizigiyimana
Twicaye dukikije imeza mu gatutu Amahoro, ikibanza dusanzwe duhuriramwo kiri mu Gatoke kw’ibarabara ryitiriwe uwa 28 Munyonyo, i Bujumbura. Ibicapo bitandukanye vyerekeye kwigisha amahoro hamwe n’amahoro ku mupaka turabishize kumeza twicayeko. Tugirako dusoma inyandiko zitandukanye zisigura ivyo bicapo turavye igicapo kimwe kimwe. Vyinshi kurivyo bicapo hamwe n’inyandiko bivuga ku ntambo, umuriro, imvyino, umuryango, ingoma, hamwe n’ikiyago mumuryango. Kubari ngaho mubiyago, imico n’imigenzo y’ikirundi na Congo irahambaye cane mugutanga ubumenyi, muguca imigani, hamwe no kwubaka ubucuti bishira imbere kwitahura n’ikibano kitagira indyane.
Ibicapo hamwe n’inyandiko z’inganda zo kwiyumvira tubisanga kuri Flickr
https://www.flickr.com/photos/195051248@N04/albums
Tukiri ngaho nyene kuri iyo meza, twisanze turiko turayaga ariko tudahuza. Ni ibiki bidukura munzitiro z’ivyo twigishijwe n’aba kavamahanga murivyo bicapo no murizo nyandiko? Kuberiki ivyo twashushanije/twacafye turiko dufatirako mukwerekana ubumenyi bwacu, naho ari kavukire navyo nyene biza gushimangira za zitiro twazaniwe n’abanyamahanga? Canke twifashishije insigurakintu ya Sylvia Tamale, bifatiye kuki ko ivyo bishushanyo/bicapo twokwiyumvira yuko bifatanye “n’ivyiyumviro hamwe n’inyubako y’ububasha butagaragara ariko bubandanya kutubohera mugacinyizo k’abanyamahanga mu bihugu vyahoze bitwagwa n’ibindi bihugu vy’ibihangange inyuma y’imyaka myinshi ibihugu vyarikukiye” vyamaze kunyengetera « mu kuntu dusohora ubumenyi n’ukwo dutunganya ukuntu ukwo abantu babaho ».
Kuri jewe Astrid, umushakashatsi akorera muri université y’I Burayi nkaba ndongoye n’umugambi, je simbona ukwo ibi bicapo vyerekana ibibazo bifatiye ukwo twokwigobotora mu mico n’imigozi idufatanya n’abadukoronije. Ibibazo vyanje vyahavuye bivyara ishavu. Kuberiki nashizemwo inguvu nyinshi mu mugambi ukora kandi ukaguma uzana za nkikiro z’ubukoroni cokimwe n’aya migambi yindi yose twama dukora kuvyerekeye amahoro? Moi, Jean Paul, umushakashatsi w’umurundi, mbona ivyo bicapo vyigobotora ku ngendo gikoroni kuko vyerekena inzira zo kwubaka amahoro zabayeho imbere- y’ubukoroni bufatiye ku ntwaro no kumico. Ariko rero, ndemera yuko amajambo aherekeza ivyo bicapo yerekana inyifato mvamakungu. Hanyuma nanje Christelle, umushakashatsi wo muri Congo, amakenga yanje ndayiyumvira kukuntu abacafye biyumva hamwe n’ibituma abo nyene baguma murizo zitiro z’abadukoronije ziguma zibonekeza mubicapo no munyandiko zabo. Mbega barabona nabo ko baganjwe n’izo nzitiro mvamahanga? Twese ukwo turi batatu turabona yuko inyandiko cane cane inyandiko zo mu rurimi rw’igifaransa zerekana neza imvugo yo mu mashirahamwe ategukira ama reta(ONG)- ishira hejuru umubano mwiza, utandukanye n’ijambo « amahoro » avugwa n’ayo ma ONG rikoreshwa gusa mugihe c’intambara hamwe n’intambara zikoresha ibigwanisho.
Bukebuke, twaragerageje kugarura ibiyago ducishije mu kwibaza ibibazo kugire dutere intamwe mu biyago vyacu. Ni ibihe bitandukanye muri ibi bishushanyo vy’ibicapo n’inyandiko ama ONG y’amahoro akora? Ni gute twosokorora ivyiyumviro bisambura ivyiyumviro mvaburayi mubiyago vyacu bifise intambamyi mugushigwa ahabona ?
Mu kiringo cose c’ukwezi kwa Rusama, twagarutse incuro nyinshi kurizo mpari hamwe n’abo dukorana babiri. Kubwa Fabrice, uwuhingura amashusho afise utubira tubiri ak’umurundi n’ak’umu Congomani, akaba yarateguye n’amahuriro yo gucapa muri uyu mugambi, avuga yuko ivyerekeye ikubagurwa n’amahoro bifatira ku muntu umwe ubwiwe.
Kubwa Clément, uwuserukira umugambi mu Burundi, kuva kera na rindi, hariho ibibanza n’ibihe abarundi bahuriramwo kandi biguma bihambaye cane mugutegura ikibano kitagira amatati n’intambara (ikiyago co kuziko, guterama baca imigani, igihe co gusangirira hamwe….). Aha hose kwari ukugerageza gutahura igituma umuntu wese afise aho ahagaze, aho imishwano iva kumwe n’aho tutariko turahuriza. Inyuma twasaze harimwo ibihushane bitari bike :
Twarasomye, turasubira turaganira incuro nyinshi kunyandiko za Elisa Randazzo kuvyerekeye inzitizi zo kwiyumvira ku gutsimbataza amahoro dukoresheje inyishu « kavukire ». Randazzo, arerekana ko ukubandanya twitaho gukoresha uburyo kavukire mukurondera gutsimbataza amahoro bishobora gufasha kwigarurira ubwo buryo kavukire kuburyo bisigara bikoreshwa nk’uko ari uburyo bwabo bwite. Kwa « gutsimbataza amahoro » vyobaye vyiza arukwo bitaje ari mvamakungu gusa ahubwo n’ikibano caho intambara zibera kigatererera muri urwo rugendo rwo kwubaka amahoro hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe bumenyerewe kandi abazanye umugambi hamwe n’aho ukorera bagaterera munyubako y’ukwo gutsimbataza amahoro. Twarabandanije kwiyumvira yuko koko ari nkenerwa kugerageza gutahura ivyerekeye kwiganzura ingendo mvaburayi yo gutsimbataza amahoro murako karere kegereye uwo mupaka w’Uburundi na Congo.
Turiko dukorera canke kandi tuba mu gihe camaze kwiganzirwa mu mpande zose n’ubwo buryo « butegurwa mukurondera amahoro » aronderwa n’inzego zitwa ko zitwara isi. Inzego zijejwe kurondererera amahoro isi zirashiraho « ibikoresho vyinshi kandi bitandukanye kungero zitandukanye uhereye gutegura Demokarasi, Ugutunganya ivy’ubutunzi, uciye muguhindagura uburyo inzego z’umutekano zitunganywa, ugushiraho ubutungane bw’inyuma y’intambara » ivyo vyose « vyama binanirwa gutorera umuti urama izo ntambara kubera zishimikira mukurondera inyishu zifatiye kukwo izo nzego zishaka ko bigenda uhereye ku mizi y’intambara n’ingaruka zayo ». Kuva mu myaka y’1990, inzego za ONU n’amashirahamwe ategukira ama Reta atandukanye (ONGs), akorana n’ibihugu canke afitaniye ubucuti na kimwe murivyo bihugu yagumye akorera mu Burundi canke muri Congo akoresheje n’uburyo bw’amafaranga menshi cane. Naho intambara zikihari muri aka karere, abenegihugu bo muri Congo no mu Burundi baratanguye kwiyamiriza buke buke ibisata bitumwa na ONU kuza kurondera amahoro mur’ivyo bihugu kuberako bamaze gutahura yuko izo nzego atakinini zibamarira (p.e. Sengenya 2022).
Uburyo butandukanye kavukire bwakoreshwa muri kahise mu kwitunganiriza ikibano ciza nibwo busigaye bukoreshwa n’amashirahamwe mpuza mpakungu ategamiye amareta nk’ ibikoresho vyo kurondera amahoro. Ukwo kwigarurira « ivy’ikibano » nk’ibikoresho vy’amashiramwe mvamahanga atandukanye ashigikira amahoro biza guha inguvu ayo mashirahamwe mvamakungu munzego zitandukanye zo mu Burundi no muri Congo. « Ibisata bitandukanye biza kurondera amahoro- industrie de la paix » vyaramaze kunyengetera no kwiyitirira imico n’imigenzo y’aka karere nk’ibikoresho vyabo bwite. Amashirahamwe ashika 100 akorera mu gutsimbataza amahoro niyo usanga muraka karere ka GATUMBA na UVIRA- ako karere turiko
turahanahanako ivyiyumviro. Abantu batari bake murako karere, barafise uruhara mu bikorwa vy’ayo ma ONG ku buryo bwa hafi canke bwa kure nk’abakozi, nk’abigisha canke nk’abigishwa biciye m’uburyo bwinshi harimwo kuvyumva mu matangazo canke mu biganiro bivuga ku gutsimbataza amahoro. Bikimeze uku, biragoye yuko hari umuntu yoterera iciyumviro ciwe bwite kuvyerekeye amahoro adakoreshheje ivyiyumviro bitumbera kuvy’amashiramwe atandukanye akorera ngaho.
Aho rero, ijambo « Amahoro »- rikoreshwa mu gihe hari ikibano ciza, umwumvikano, ukurara ufunguye, kutaba urwaye, agahengwe, kuba ata nduru mu rugo, …mu rurimi rw’ikirundi canke « Amani » mu rurimi rw’igiswahili- hamwe n’ijambo Amahoro= Paix( rikoreshwa mubihe vy’intamabara gusa nk’akarorero amasezerano y’amahoro, Ibisata biharanira amahoro, Gutsimbataza amahoro) dusasanga akoreshwa rimwe mu kibanza c’irindi muri ako karere. Ukwo kwitiranya amajambo asanzwe akoreshwa mubuzima bwa misi yose murako karere hamwe n’amajambo mva burayi avuga amahoro ubisanga gusa mu turere twashegeshwe n’intambara. Mu bihugu vya Burayi na America ya ruguru, ijambo amahoro rikoreshwa gusa iyo bariko baravuga ku ntambara ziri mu bihugu vy’epfo canke ibihugu bikenye ( kiretse mu gihe c’urupfu aho bavuga bati- Imana imuhe uburuhukiro bwiza/ Que son âme repose en paix). None koko ukwo kwitiranya amajambo yerekeye amahoro akoreshwa mu buzima bwa misi yose ntivyorohereza ukwo kwiyitirira ayo majambo kw’izo nzego zishiraho inyubako y’amahoro ?
Mugusozera, ibiyago bishimikiye ku bicapo hamwe n’ibiyago kuvyerekeye ukuntu dutahura amahoro twigishijwe bizanywe n’abakavamahanga bidufasha gushira hirya ivyo twari dusanzwe tuzi twigishijwe mu mashure no mu buzi butandukanye twakoze muma ONG. Kugire dusohoke murizo nzitizi z’inyigisho mvamakungu, tubona ari nkenerwa yo kubandanya gutahura ukwo kwigarurira ivyerekeye uburyo basogokuru bakoresha mu kurondera ikibano ciza kizira amatati muburere butandukanye haba mu Burundi canke muri Congo, hanyuma kandi tugatahura aho intambara n’ingwano bishingiye imizi hamwe n’inzego zizishigikira muvy’ibikoresho n’uburyo. Ibiyago, impari, ibicapo, inyandiko, ibicuba(poésie) twagiriye hamwe mu bikorwa bitandukanye hamwe n’amanama atandukanye twagize muri uyu mugambi vyose hamwe birimwo uburyo bwo kwiyumvira gushasha uburyo bwo kurondera amahoro mukarere no kwigisha ivyerekeye amahoro ubwavyo.
Références
- Campbell, Susanna, David Chandler, and Meera Sabaratnam. 2011. A Liberal Peace?: The Problems and Practices of Peacebuilding. Bloomsbury Publishing.
- Randazzo, Elisa. 2021. ‘The Local, the “Indigenous” and the Limits of Rethinking Peacebuilding’. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 15 (2): 141–60.
- Sengenya, Claude. 2022. ‘Why We’re Protesting against UN Peacekeepers in DR Congo “Who Will Come to Save the Congo? Only Us Young People.”’ The New Humnanitarian, 18 August 2022. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2022/08/18/DRC-MONUSCO- protests-peacekeeping.
- Tamale, Sylvia. 2020. Decolonization and Afro-Feminism. Journal of Contemporary African Studies.